Dhammapada Chapter 6: The Wise Man

Chapter VI
The Wise Man (Pandita)

76. If you see an intelligent man who tells you where true treasures are to be found, who shows what is to be avoided, and administers reproofs, follow that wise man; it will be better, not worse, for those who follow him.

77. Let him admonish, let him teach, let him forbid what is improper!–he will be beloved of the good, by the bad he will be hated.

78. Do not have evil-doers for friends, do not have low people for friends: have virtuous people for friends, have for friends the best of men.

79. He who drinks in the law lives happily with a serene mind: the sage rejoices always in the law, as preached by the elect (Ariyas).

80. Well-makers lead the water wherever they like; fletchers bend the arrow; carpenters bend a log of wood; wise people fashion themselves.

81. As a solid rock is not shaken by the wind, wise people falter not amidst blame and praise.

82. Wise people, after they have listened to the laws, become serene, like a deep, smooth, and still lake.

83. Good people walk on whatever befall, the good do not prattle, longing for pleasure; whether touched by happiness or sorrow wise people never appear elated or depressed.

84. If, whether for his own sake, or for the sake of others, a man wishes neither for a son, nor for wealth, nor for lordship, and if he does not wish for his own success by unfair means, then he is good, wise, and virtuous.

85. Few are there among men who arrive at the other shore (become Arhats); the other people here run up and down the shore.

86. But those who, when the law has been well preached to them, follow the law, will pass across the dominion of death, however difficult to overcome.

87, 88. A wise man should leave the dark state (of ordinary life), and follow the bright state (of the Bhikshu). After going from his home to a homeless state, he should in his retirement look for enjoyment where there seemed to be no enjoyment. Leaving all pleasures behind, and calling nothing his own, the wise man should purge himself from all the troubles of the mind.

89. Those whose mind is well grounded in the (seven) elements of knowledge, who without clinging to anything, rejoice in freedom from attachment, whose appetites have been conquered, and who are full of light, are free (even) in this world.

Koan: The Happy Chinaman

Thanks to all for your kind letters and well-wishing. The power and Internet is back on and all is well here. My neighbors still (Thursday morning) don’t have power, so there are still plenty of people going without. It must be a hundred times worse down south. Please direct your thoughts (and prayers if you do that) towards the hurricane victims.

We’ll wrap-up this week with a koan today and the Dhammapada tomorrow, and then get back to your letters and maybe a lesson or two next week.

Koan: The Happy Chinaman

Anyone walking about the many Chinatowns in America will observe statues of a stout fellow carrying a linen sack. Chinese merchants call him Happy Chinaman or Laughing Buddha.

This Hotei lived in the T’ang dynasty. He had no desire to call himself a Zen master or to gather many disciples about him. Instead he walked the streets with a big sack into which he would put gifts of candy, fruit, or doughnuts. These he would give to children who gathered around him in play. He established a kindergarten of the streets.

Whenever he met a Zen devotee he would extend his hand and say: “Give me one penny.” And if anyone asked him to return to a temple to teach others, again he would reply: “Give me one penny.”

Once he was about his play-work another Zen master happened along and inquired: “What is the significance of Zen?”

Hotei immediately plopped his sack down on the ground in silent answer.

“Then,” asked the other, “what is the actualization of Zen?”

At once the Happy Chinaman swung the sack over his shoulder and continued on his way.

Zen In The Dark

Zen In The Dark

If you were wondering why there was no email or web posting on Monday, you can blame hurricane Ike. Here in Dayton, Ohio, we had a once-in-a-lifetime windstorm that some were calling a ‚Äúdry hurricane.‚Äù I’m one of 2 million Ohioans without electricity. Yes, in Ohio, 2000 miles from the nearest ocean, we’re cleaning up and recovering from wind damage. I haven’t seen any TV news in a few days, but it must have been some storm! My home suffered from no serious damage though, although many of my neighbors lost shingles, siding, and whole trees falling on the house and car. I was lucky; losing the food in my fridge was the worst it got.

Let me tell you something though. As I worked in the cool, early autumn air, cleaning up the mess Monday morning, sticks and branches and yard debris of all kinds, it was immensely calming. I couldn’t get on the Internet, watch TV, do any kind of ‚Äúbusiness work,‚Äù or anything of the sort. It was just me and the mess in the yard. Gathering small sticks, larger branches, and whole tree limbs. Putting it all, one piece at a time into the wood chipper, and then taking out the newly ground mulch over an old tree stump. Even making coffee on the gad grill was calming. Unlike the normal noisy, gurgling drip coffee maker, a pan of hot water on the outdoor grill was completely silent. There is no background noise of TV, music, and not even much traffic; the crickets are unusually loud today.

I just wanted to clean up the yard debris today, but it turned out I stumbled by accident upon one of the oldest and greatest forms of Zen wisdom. We all know that Zen monks sit a lot in meditation. They occasioanlly do walking meditation. But they also do a lot of manual labor. They plant gardens, they build things, and so on. Not because they need the possessions or hope to profit by them, but just for the sake of doing them. By doing some kind of work mindfully, they are gaining merit and building their inner awareness. This is “working meditation.” By doing work without distractions, they can focus on the job at hand completely, and the focus brings a peace and clarity that is especially rewarding.

I’m writing this on my laptop late Monday night, using the last of the charge in my battery. I don’t know when I’ll get access to the Internet and electricity to post this. The radio has been saying that some people in the area may not have power until next weekend. But don’t worry, everything is fine here, I’ll be back as soon as I can, and I suspect that I’ll be more focused because of the break.

It gets dark when it gets dark, and it gets light when the sun comes up. There’s just so much radio-chatter I can take, so its quiet here most of the time. No air conditioning means I can hear the crickets outside. There’s an owl out there too, and this is the suburbs.

I’ve learned something. Actually, I highly recommend this.

Maybe we should all “turn off” some of the things that distract us from a mindful, simple life, and get focused!

Dhammapada Chapter 7: The Venerable Arhat

Chapter VII
The Venerable Arhat.

90. There is no suffering for him who has finished his journey, and abandoned grief, who has freed himself on all sides, and thrown off all fetters.

91. They depart with their thoughts well-collected, they are not happy in their abode; like swans who have left their lake, they leave their house and home.

92. Men who have no riches, who live on recognised food, who have perceived void and unconditioned freedom (Nirvana), their path is difficult to understand, like that of birds in the air.

93. He whose appetites are stilled, who is not absorbed in enjoyment, who has perceived void and unconditioned freedom (Nirvana), his path is difficult to understand, like that of birds in the air.

94. The gods even envy him whose senses, like horses well broken in by the driver, have been subdued, who is free from pride, and free from appetites.

95. Such a one who does his duty is tolerant like the earth, like Indra’s bolt; he is like a lake without mud; no new births are in store for him.

96. His thought is quiet, quiet are his word and deed, when he has obtained freedom by true knowledge, when he has thus become a quiet man.

97. The man who is free from credulity, but knows the uncreated, who has cut all ties, removed all temptations, renounced all desires, he is the greatest of men.

98. In a hamlet or in a forest, in the deep water or on the dry land, wherever venerable persons (Arhanta) dwell, that place is delightful.

99. Forests are delightful; where the world finds no delight, there the passionless will find delight, for they look not for pleasures.

Koan: A Buddha

A Buddha

In Tokyo in the Meiji era there lived two prominent teachers of opposite characteristics. One, Unsho, an instructor in Shingon, kept Buddha’s precepts scrupulously. He never drank intoxicants, nor did he eat after eleven o’clock in the morning. The other teacher, Tanzan, a professor of philosophy at the Imperial University, never observed the precepts. Whenever he felt like eating, he ate, and when he felt like sleeping in the daytime he slept.

One day Unsho visited Tanzan, who was drinking wine at the time, not even a drop of which is supposed to touch the tongue of a Buddhist.

“Hello, brother,” Tanzan greeted him. “Won’t you have a drink?”

“I never drink!” exclaimed Unsho solemnly.

“One who does not drink is not even human,” said Tanzan.

“Do you mean to call me inhuman just because I do not indulge in intoxicating liquids!” exclaimed Unsho in anger. “Then if I am not human, what am I?”

“A Buddha,” answered Tanzan.

Buddhist Service Obligations?

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A Reader recently called in and asked:
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Mike called in on the voicemail line and asked essentially, ‚ÄúChristians have a heavy obligation to help others; it’s a big part of the Christian faith. I was in Thailand, and I got the impression that the monks there were‚Ķ selfish. I wouldn’t mind sitting around all day in a temple trying to reach personal enlightenment, enjoying myself with no responsibilities towards anyone else.

What are the Buddhist obligations towards service to others?”

There was more to his message than that, you can hear it in this week’s upcoming podcast, but that was the basic question. Phone in your questions at 937-660-4949.

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And my Response:
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Remember, monks in a monastery have no possessions of their own beyond a few very basic items. They have no wealth to give away, they have no ‚Äústuff‚Äù to sell. They live entirely on the donations of others and yes, the hard work they put into surviving. Sometimes they do sell things that they construct or craft, but the making of those items is still a form of work like anything else. With so little actual cash laying around, monks cannot afford to send money to starving children overseas or that sort of thing. However, they wouldn’t hesitate to share the food from their fields to help starving children in the region if they can.

In a traditional monastery, the majority of young monks spend the majority of their day…working. Either in the fields or building or other sorts of manual labor to support the monastery. Young monks often learn some kind of “Trade” that will help them support the monastery during their time there, such as cooking, cleaning, woodworking, farming, laundry, or something else. Some of the monks may “hang around town” with begging bowls, but not usually the majority. The oldest monks fulfill their obligations by teaching others.

Monks are also the elite of Buddhism. They have sacrificed family, possessions, comfort, and the things we love in the west in order to meditate and achieve enlightenment. Meditating for 10 hours a day isn’t fun and games; they have a specific goal they want to reach. The Buddhist laypeople in the East realize this and do what they can to support the monks, not necessarily the other way around. Anyone can become a monk, and in some places, everyone spends a number of months in a monastery, but few choose to stay. It’s a hard life. New recruits to the monastery must often work 18 hour days for three to six months before they can even begin the process of ordination.

The laypeople support the monk’s physical needs; the monks support the laypeople’s spiritual needs. It’s a system that has worked well in the East for thousands of years. With modern economic systems, however, things are starting to change. The whole idea of living on the region’s donations, whether it be money, food, or supplies, does not work well here in America, and the same problems are starting to crop up overseas as well.

I’d welcome other’s thougts on this as well.

Tao Announcement

Tao Rebooted
For those of you who get the Tao of the Day emails, and especially
those of you who don’t, the www.taooftheday.com website is restarting
with a new translation as of today. We just finished the James Legge
translation, and today we begin one by Tao Huang. It’s far less
poetic, but also vastly easier to follow. I think it’s far clearer
than the previous translation.
If you couldn’t follow the previous one, or never got into it, today
is a great day to get started. You can sign up for the daily email at
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there as well.
And here a copy of today’s chapter/mailing to hopefully pique your
interest:

Chapter 1
The Tao that is voiced is no longer that of eternal Tao.
The name that has been written is no longer that of eternal name.
The nameless is the beginning of the cosmic universe.
The named is the mother of the myriad creatures.
Being at peace, one can see into the subtle.
Engaging with passion, one can see into the manifest.
They both arise from a common source but have different names.
Both are called the mystery within the mystery.
They are the door to all wonders.

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Book: Buddhist Scriptures, by Edward Conze, Ed.

Book: Buddhist Scriptures, by Edward Conze, Ed.
ISBN: 014044758X
Amazon: http://www.dailybuddhism.com/BuddhistScriptures

It’s important to read modern Buddhist thought, such as books by Thich Nhat Hanh and the Dalai Lama. However, in order to fully appreciate what those men are saying, its crucial to have at a good foundation in “classical” Buddhism. This book will help with that foundation.

This book, at about 250 pages, includes most of the basic scriptures of Buddhism, in excerpts and small bits. There’s no need to read a 900-page archaic text to learn the story of King Milinda, for example, when the important bits are right here, condensed into a section in the “Wisdom” chapter.

Here is the chapter list, and each chapter is broken down into several sub-topics:

  • The Buddha’s Previous Lives
  • The Legend of the Buddha Shakyamuni
  • Morality
  • Meditation
  • Wisdom
  • Doctrinal Formulas
  • Doctrinal Disputes
  • Other Worlds
  • The Buddha of the Future

Level: This one has a lot of long Indian/Pali names in it, so you have to read closely sometimes to remember who’s who, but that’s not strictly necessary in most cases. You’ll figure out who’s important to remember by context. The book covers all the basics that we have discussed here in the Daily Buddhism, but includes a vast number of ancient legends and stories to support the ideas. Some sections are easier to read than others, but there’s nothing here that most of us can’t get through. It’s worth it.

The book also explains various ideas from more than one “denominational” viewpoint. Some texts are important to Mahayanas, others to Hinayana (Thereveda) practitioners, and the editor explains why the texts are important, as well as some of the history behind them.

It’s an inexpensive book, at about $10, and commonly available. It includes a wide variety of material, and I suspect I’ll be referring to stories from this book in the future. I like the way it presents big ideas in small packages; What could be more appropriate for The Daily Buddhism?

Controlling Karma

Can you (or should you) Control your own Karma?

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A Reader recently Wrote

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I am thinking about your discussions about Karma. I would like to contribute my thoughts.

The idea of karma, in my life, serves a profound function. My interpretation of it is simple, I see it as simply cause and effect. I do not ask whether or not my actions will “bring me back” as a cow or a goat etc but instead look into myself for guidance in the immediate moment (loving kindness). Animals serve me as a contemplation, metaphors for themes that emerge in my life (vengeance, hate, indifference, joy) during my meditation practice.

Whether a person is Buddhist or not everyone knows that harming another person is bad (one of the precepts). When I harm someone else, I feel bad and I see that the other person (sentient being) feels bad. The consequence of my action (harming someone) is instant, this bad feeling may manifest in a more protracted harmful way or a more subtle way, who cares I know that there will be a consequence. Conversely, when I am good towards someone else there is a more positive outcome within me. Karma happens, like gravity.

Buddhism’s idea of Karma never even enters my mind, if I have harmful thoughts (intention) it is the first step to doing bad things; as simple as stepping on a beetle. Thought leads to action. True enlightenment is the absence of intention.

Buddha was not looking for disciples; they came to him. Things were not written down (warm hand to warm hand). I don’t think that he cared if I became enlightened or not. But he did care about my well-being through his expression of compassion, kindness, and wisdom. I care about the well-being of others. Buddha guides me.

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My Response:

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Excellent letter!

Karma is there; there isn’t anything you can do about it. You cannot know if you are coming back as a human in a better position, or as a cow. You can’t revolve your life around ideas of karma. As you said, follow the precepts, show loving kindness and compassion for others, do no harm, help when possible, and karma essentially takes care of itself. As you said, it’s a lot like gravity, a force of nature that you just have to accept, not try to control.

We’ve spent a lot of time here talking about the precepts. For the most part, the precepts deal with the ‚ÄúRight Action‚Äù portion of the Eightfold path. Much of what you said involves ‚ÄúRight Intention‚Äù and ‚ÄúRight Mindfulness.‚Äù ALL of these are important to not only understand, but to practice in our everyday lives.

Meditation Part 2: Breath Watching & Insight Meditation

Meditation Part 2: Breath Watching & Insight Meditation

This is one of the most popular forms of meditation, and one of the simplest to start practicing. The practitioner sits comfortably in a quiet place and simply focuses on his or her breathing. He or she sits with eyes closed, slowly breathing in and out calmly and regularly, not forcing anything. Breathe in. Breathe out. Feel the air go in and be let out again. Feel the sensations and the path of the air. Feel your chest rising and falling, the lung expanding and contracting. Feel the cool air go in and the warm air come out. Hear the sound of it all. Experience the breathing carefully and consciously, avoiding distractions as much as possible.

For the beginner, that is all there is to it. Take five or ten minutes and try it right now if you are able. You don’t need to sit in any particular position, and you can do it in a chair if you like. The important (and difficult) part in the beginning is to avoid distractions, especially your own distracting thoughts. When you become aware that your mind is wandering, calmly go back to being aware of your breathing and move your mind away from the distraction. You can do breath meditation for five minutes or for hours if you like, but it’s going to be hard to do for more than a few minutes in the beginning.

Breath Meditation Videos:

Thich Nhat Hanh (annoyingly translated, but not awful):

Here’s one you can follow along with yourself:

And here’s one that shows many sitting positions, but keep in mind, the whole ‚Äúpositional thing‚Äù is not something you need to worry about at this stage:

Plain English Guide to Buddhism